![]() The increase in brown fat following a month of cold exposure was accompanied by improved insulin sensitivity after a meal during which volunteers were exposed to mild cold. All the changes occurred independently of seasonal changes. These alterations returned to near baseline during the following month of neutral temperature, and then were completely reversed during the final month of warm exposure. At the end of each month, the men underwent extensive evaluations, including energy expenditure testing, muscle and fat biopsies, and PET/CT scanning of an area of the neck and upper back region to measure brown fat volume and activity.Īfter a month of exposure to mild cold, the participants had a 42% increase in brown fat volume and a 10% increase in fat metabolic activity. All meals were provided, with calorie and nutrient content carefully controlled and all consumption monitored. ![]() They wore standard hospital clothing and had bed sheets only. The participants were exposed to the temperature for at least 10 hours each night. The temperature of the room was set to 24 ☌ (75 ☏) during the first month, 19 ☌ (66 ☏) the second month, 24 ☌ again for the third month, and 27 ☌ (81 ☏) the remaining month. The men engaged in regular activities during the day and then returned to their private room each evening. The researchers had 5 healthy men, average age 21 years, reside for 4 months in a clinical research unit in the NIH Clinical Center in Bethesda, Maryland. Results appeared online on June 22, 2014, in Diabetes. The study was supported in part by NIH’s National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) and the NIH Clinical Center. Paul Lee, now at the Garvan Institute of Medical Research in Australia, explored the effects of ambient temperature on brown fat and metabolism. Celi of Virginia Commonwealth University and Dr. Researchers have previously shown that, in response to cold, white fat cells in both animals and humans take on characteristics of brown fat cells.Ī team led by Dr. Brown fat, in contrast, burns chemical energy to create heat and help maintain body temperature. Too much white fat, a characteristic of obesity, increases the risk of type 2 diabetes and other diseases. Image by the researchers, courtesy of Diabetes PET/CT images show that a patient has more brown fat (red) after a month of cold exposure but a complete reversal after a month of warm exposure.
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